The Whonwa were a group of educated and talented women in Korea during the Silla Dynasty period, which lasted from 57 BC. to 935 AD The term “Whonwa” literally translates to “flowering women” and these women were known for their beauty, intelligence, and their artistic and literary skills. The Whonwa were part of a cultural and social elite and often played important roles in royal courts and official ceremonies.
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Established by King Jinheung, the first group of Whonwa consisted of approximately 300 girls of fine beauty, witty intelligence and physical ability.
Furthermore, the Whonwa, although less well known than the Hwarang, served in a similar role. Although they were not involved in military activities like the Hwarang, the Whonwa were still influential in maintaining the harmony and spiritual well-being of society, because they were linked to Buddhism.
The Whonwa were also skilled in music, dance, poetry, and other art forms, and were respected not only for their artistic talents, but also for their wisdom and knowledge. Many of them were daughters of nobles or high-ranking officials, which allowed them to receive a complete education and have access to cultural and intellectual resources. Their influence extended beyond the cultural sphere, as some Whonwa were also involved in diplomatic and political activities.
Since there is no certain evidence that the Whonwa were skilled warriors, because it is not reported in any historical annual, but they existed before the Hwarang, in fact the "Ha" that we find in the word "Hwa" written in "Hwarang refers to the word "flower".
In the historical period of Silla, women had a significant position of power and among the teachings that the Whonwa gave there was also loyalty, sincerity and love for family and children. The Whonwa were led by two very important Women, Nammo and Junjeong who legend says killed Nammo out of jealousy, then she was executed and this decreed the dissolution and end of this glorious and important elite body of the Silla Empire. The remaining Whonwa became the counselors and teachers and spiritual guides of the young Hwarang, in fact they were dedicated to Buddhism and probably nuns. The Hwarang and Whonwa have left an important legacy that persists today, influencing contemporary Korean culture, especially in martial arts and moral philosophy
The figure of the Whonwa is significant in Korean history because it represents an example of women who overcame gender barriers and who had an active and respected role in ancient society. They are often celebrated as symbols of elegance, intelligence and feminine strength, and their legacy continues to be remembered and studied in contemporary Korea.
cover photo from Quora "painting Ancient Shilla Era"
Paola Pelissa